Speak with a Scientist Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is an integral growth factor that is active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and endothelial cell growth. It induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis, and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. It binds primarily to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate, and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. The isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, nor does it activate angiogenesis or inhibit tumor growth. VEGF is important in the pathophysiology of neuronal and other tumors, probably functioning as a potent promoter of angiogenesis. It is also involved with altering blood-brain-barrier functions under normal and pathological conditions. VEGF secreted from the stromal cells may be responsible for the endothelial cell proliferation in capillary hemangioblastomas which are composed of abundant microvasculature and primitive angiogenic elements represented by stromal cells. VEGF expression is regulated by growth factors, cytokines, gonadotropins, nitric oxide, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and oncogenic mutations.
Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P15692
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PublicationsHeart-type fatty acid binding protein and vascular endothelial growth factor: cerebrospinal fluid biomarker candidates for Alzheimer’s disease (2013) Guo L, Alexopoulos P, Perneczky R European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Clinical significance of plasma VEGF value in ischemic stroke – research for biomarkers in ischemic stroke (REBIOS) study (2013) Matsuo R, Ago T, Kamouchi M, Kuroda J, Kuwashiro T, Hata J, Sugimori H, Fukuda K, Gotoh S, Makihara N, Fukuhara M, Awano H, Isomura T, Suzuki K, Yasaka M, Okada Y, Kiyohara Y, Kitazono T BMC Neurol. 2013 Apr 8;13(1):32
The effects of vitamin A on cells of innate immunity in vitro (2013) Wojtal K, Wolfram L, Frey-Wagner I, Lang S, Scharl M, Vavricka SR, Rogler G Toxicology in Vitro,
Markers of inflammation and bone remodelling associated with improvement in clinical response measures in psoriatic arthritis patients treated with golimumab (2012) Wagner CL, Visvanathan S, Elashoff M, McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Krueger GG, Murphy FT, Papp K, Gomez-Reino JJ, Mack M, Beutler A, Gladman D, Kavanaugh A Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Sep 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Expanding the Psoriasis Disease Profile: Interrogation of the Skin and Serum of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis (2012) Suárez-Fariñas M, Li K, Fuentes-Duculan J, Hayden K, Brodmerkel C, Krueger JG J Invest Dermatol. 2012 Jul 5
Plasma biomarkers of depressive symptoms in older adults (2012) Arnold SE, Xie SX, Leung YY, Wang LS, Kling MA, Han X, Kim EJ, Wolk DA, Bennett DA, Chen-Plotkin A, Grossman M, Hu W, Lee VMY, Mackin RS, Trojanowski JQ, Wilson RS, Shaw LM Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e65;
Screening for New Biomarkers for Subcortical Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (2011) Öhrfelt A, Andreasson U, Simon A, Zetterberg H, Edman A, Potter W, Holder D, Devanarayan V, Seeburger J, Smith AD, Blennow K, Wallin A Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 1: 31–42.
Multiplexed Immunoassay Panel Identifies Novel CSF Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Prognosis (2011) Craig-Schapiro R, Kuhn M, Xiong C, Pickering EH, Liu J, Misko TP, Perrin RJ, Bales KR, Soares H, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM PLoS One. 2011 Apr 19;6(4):e18850
Molecular Markers for Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection (2011) Jacovides CL, Parvizi J, Adeli B, Jung KA J Arthroplasty. 2011 May 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Attracted by Multiple Myeloma Cell-Produced Chemokine CCL25 and Favor Myeloma Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo (2011) Xu S, Menu E, De Becker A, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I Stem Cells. 2011 Nov 18. [Epub ahead of print]
Plasma Protein Profiling Reveals Protein Clusters Related to BMI and Insulin Levels in Middle-Aged Overweight Subjects (2010) van Dijk SJ, Feskens EJM, Heidema AG, Bos MB, van de Rest O, Geleijnse JM, de Groot LCPGM, Muller M, Afman LA PLoS ONE 12: e14422.
Safety and efficacy of INCB018424, a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, in myelofibrosis (2010) Verstovsek S, Kantarjian H, Mesa RA, Pardanani AD, Cortes-Franco J, Thomas DA, Estrov Z, Fridman JS, Bradley EC, Erickson-Viitanen S, Vaddi K, Levy R, Tefferi A N Engl J Med. 363: 1117-27.
Bevacizumab therapy normalizes the pathological intraocular environment beyond neutralizing VEGF (2010) Sharma RK, Rogojina AT, Chalam KV Mol Vi. 16: 2175-2184.
Classification of Alcohol Abuse by Plasma Protein Biomarkers. (2010) Freeman WM, Salzberg AC, Gonzales SW, Grant KA, Vrana KE Biol Psychiatry 68: 219-22.
Multi analyte profiling and variability of inflammatory markers in blood and induced sputum in patients with stable COPD (2010) Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Ramsay T, Zhang C, Avnur Z, Nikolcheva T, Quinn A Respir Res. 2010 Apr 22;11:41
Limited Systemic Sclerosis Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Show Biomarkers of Inflammation and Vascular Injury (2010) Pendergrass SA, Hayes E, Farina G, Lemaire R, Farber HW, Whitfield ML, Lafyatis R. PLoS ONE 5: e12106.
Association of serum markers with improvement in clinical response measures after treatment with golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite receiving methotrexate: results from the GO-FORWARD study (2010) Visvanathan S, Rahman MU, Keystone E, Genovese M, Klareskog L, Hsia E, Mack M, Buchanan J, Elashoff M, Wagner C Arthritis Res Ther. 12:R211
Identification of distinct plasma biomarker signatures in patients with rapid and slow declining forms of COPD (2010) Devanarayan V, Scholand MB, Hoidal J, Leppert MF, Crackower MA, O’Neill GP, Gervais FG COPD 7: 51-58.
Novel CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (2010) Hu WT, Chen-Plotkin A, Arnold SE, Grossman M, Clark CM, Shaw LM, Pickering E, Kuhn M, Chen Y, McCluskey L, Elman L, Karlawish J, Hurtig HI, Siderowf A, Lee VM, Soares H, Trojanowski JQ Acta Neuropathol 119: 669-678.
Validation of a Blood-Based Laboratory Test to Aid in the Confirmation of a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia (2010) Schwarz E, Izmailov R, Spain M, Barnes A, Mapes JP, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Pietsch S, Leweke FM, Rothermundt M, Steiner J, Koethe D, Kranaster L, Ohrmann P, Suslow T, Levin Y, Bogerts B, (JM) van Beveren N, McAllister G, Weber N, Niebuhr D, Cowan D, Yolken RH, Bahn S Biomark Insights5: 39–47.
The Link Between Heightened Thrombogenicity and Inflammation: Pre-Procedure Characterization of the Patient at High Risk for Recurrent Events After Stenting. (2009) Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Kreutz RP, Dichiara J, Antonino MJ, Tantry US Platelets 20: 97-104.
Heart Failure Therapy Mediated by the Trophic Activities of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Non-invasive Therapeutic Regimen. (2009) Shabbir A, Zisa D, Suzuki G, Lee T Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H1888-H1897.
Multiplex Immunoassay Analysis of Biomarkers in Clinically Accessible Quantities of Human Aqueous Humor. (2009) Sharma RK, Rogojina AT, Chalam KV Mol Vis 15: 60-69.
Enzastaurin, an oral serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, as second- or third-line therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. (2008) Oh Y, Herbst RS, Burris H, Cleverly A, Musib L, Lahn M, Bepler G J Clin Oncol 26: 1135-1141.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling promotes growth and vascularization of fibrosarcoma. (2008) Ding Y, Boguslawski EA, Berghuis BD, Young JJ, Zhang Z, Hardy K, Furge K, Kort E, Frankel AE, Hay RV, Resau JH, Duesbery NS Mol Cancer Ther 7: 648-658.
Neighboring adipocytes participate in the bone marrow microenvironment of multiple myeloma cells. (2007) Caers J, Deleu S, Belaid Z, De Raeve H, Van Valckenborgh E, De Bruyne E, Defresne MP, Van Riet I, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K Leukemia 21: 1580-1584.
Modeled gravitational unloading induced downregulation of endothelin-1 in human endothelial cells. (2007) Infanger M, Ulbrich C, Baatout S, Wehland M, Kreutz R, Bauer J, Grosse J, Vadrucci S, Cogoli A, Derradji H, Neefs M, Küsters S, Spain M, Paul M, Grimm D J Cell Biochem 101: 1439-1455.